Which case established the "stop and frisk" doctrine?

The case that established the "stop and frisk" doctrine is Terry v. Ohio. This landmark decision by the Supreme Court in 1968 allowed law enforcement officers to stop a person and conduct a limited search for weapons if they have a reasonable suspicion that the individual is involved in criminal activity and may be armed.

The importance of Terry v. Ohio lies in its recognition that the need for effective law enforcement and officer safety can justify certain searches and seizures, even without a warrant. The ruling provided a balance between the protection of individual rights and the necessity for police to prevent crime and ensure their safety during encounters with potentially dangerous suspects. This doctrine has become a fundamental aspect of police procedure, providing guidelines for when stops and searches are permissible under the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

The other cases mentioned, while significant in their own rights, do not specifically establish the "stop and frisk" doctrine. Whren v. U.S. involves the concept of pretextual stops, Pennsylvania v. Mimms addresses the authority of officers to order passengers out of a vehicle, and Maryland v. Wilson pertains to similar passenger exit rules in traffic stops, but none of these cases set the precedent for the "stop and frisk" standard established in